GUI

java.Awt:需要调用本地系统方法实现功能,属于重量级控件 ;

javax.Swing:在Awt的基础上建立的一套图形界面系统,提供了更多的控件,而且完全由Java实现,增强了移植性,属于轻量级控件 ;

继承关系图

常见的布局管理器

FlowLayout(流式布局管理器):从左到右顺序排列,Panel默认的布局管理器;
BorderLayout(边界布局管理器):东南西北中的布局方式,Frame默认的布局管理器;
GridLayout(网格布局管理器):把窗体画成网格的布局管理器;
GridBagLayout(网格包布局管理器):非规则的矩阵;
CardLayout(卡片布局管理器):选项卡;

创建图形化界面

1.创建frame窗体;
2.对窗体进行设置,包括大小,位置等等;
3.定义组件,通过add方法添加到窗体中;
4.让窗体显示.setVisible(true)

事件监听机制的特点

1.事件源:就是awt或者swing包中的那些图形界面组件;
2.事件:每一个事件源都有自己特有的对象事件和共性事件;
3.监听器:将可以触发某一个事件的动作(不止一个)都已经封装到了监听器中;
以上三者在Java中都已经定义好了,直接获取对象来用就可以了

1.import java.awt.*; 2.import java.awt.event.*; 3.class  AwtDemo 4.{
    5.    public static void main(String[] args) 6.    {
    7.        Frame f = new Frame("my awt"); 8.        f.setSize(500,400); 9.        f.setLocation(300,200); 10.        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 11.        Button b = new Button("登录"); 12.        f.add(b); 13.        f.setVisible(true); 14.        //添加一个监听器 15.        f.addWindowListener(new MyWinListener()); 16.    } 17. 18.} 19./* 20.WindowListener是一个接口,如果要调用里面的方法,得把里面的方法全部覆盖,所以用它的子类WindowAdapter, 21.WindowAdapter是一个抽象类,不能实例化,所以继承它并复写我们需要的方法 22.*/ 23.//窗体事件 24.class MyWinListener extends WindowAdapter 25.{
    26.    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) 27.    {
    28.        System.out.println("我关了,"+e.toString()); 29.        System.exit(0); 30.    } 31.    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) 32.    {
    33.        System.out.println("被激活了"); 34.    } 35.    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) 36.    {
    37.        System.out.println("我被打开了"); 38.    } 39. 40.}

窗体事件,Action事件,鼠标事件,键盘事件

1.import java.awt.*; 2.import java.awt.event.*; 3.class FrameDemo 4.{
    5.    private Frame fr; 6.    private Button bu; 7.    private TextField te; 8.    FrameDemo() 9.    {
    10.        init(); 11.    } 12.    public void init() 13.    {
    14.        fr = new Frame("my awt");       15.        te = new TextField(20); 16.        bu = new Button("my button"); 17.        fr.setBounds(500,400,500,400); 18.        fr.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 19.        fr.add(te); 20.        fr.add(bu); 21.        myEvent(); 22.        fr.setVisible(true); 23.    } 24.    public void myEvent() 25.    {
    26.        //窗体事件 27.        fr.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() 28.        {
    29.            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) 30.            {
    31.                System.out.println("我关了"); 32.                System.exit(0); 33.            } 34.        }); 35.        //Action事件 36.        //ActionListener是为数不多的没有适配器的监听器 37.        bu.addActionListener(new ActionListener() 38.        {
    39.            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 40.            {
    41.                System.out.println("活动了"); 42.            }   43.        }); 44.        //鼠标事件,MouseListener有适配器MouseAdapter 45.        bu.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() 46.        {
    47.            int clickcount = 1; 48.            int entercount = 1; 49.            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) 50.            {
    51.                //System.out.println("点击"+clickcount++); 52.                if (e.getClickCount()==2 ) 53.                {
    54.                    System.out.println("双击了"); 55.                } 56.            } 57.            public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) 58.            {
    59.                System.out.println("进入"+entercount++); 60.            } 61.        }); 62.        //键盘事件,KeyListener,有适配器KeyAdapter 63.        bu.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() 64.        {
    65.            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) 66.            {
    67.                if(e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode()==KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) 68.                {
    69.                    System.out.println("ctrl enter run");   70.                } 71.                System.out.println(KeyEvent.getKeyText(e.getKeyCode())+"  ...  "+e.getKeyCode()); 72.            } 73.        }); 74.        te.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() 75.        {
    76.            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) 77.            {
    78.                int code = e.getKeyCode(); 79.                //在文本框中输入数字,字母不让进,且提示非法 80.                if (!(code>=KeyEvent.VK_NUMPAD0 && code<=KeyEvent.VK_NUMPAD9)) 81.                {
    82.                    e.consume();//void consume(): 使用此事件，以便不会按照默认的方式由产生此事件的源代码来处理此事件。 83.                    System.out.println("非法数据"); 84.                } 85.            } 86.        }); 87.    } 88.    public static void main(String[] args) 89.    {
    90.        FrameDemo f = new FrameDemo(); 91.    } 92.}

GUI练习

在文本框输入目录,点击”转到”按钮,将该目录中的文件与文件夹名称列在下面的文本区域中

1.import java.awt.*; 2.import java.awt.event.*; 3.import java.io.*; 4.class FrameDemo2 5.{
    6.    private Frame fr; 7.    private Button bu; 8.    private TextField te; 9.    private TextArea ta; 10.    private Dialog di; 11.    private Label la; 12.    private Button okbut; 13.    FrameDemo2() 14.    {
    15.        init(); 16.    } 17.    public void init() 18.    {
    19.        fr = new Frame("my awt");//创建一个窗体       20.        te = new TextField(40); 21.        bu = new Button("转到"); 22.        ta = new TextArea(30,50); 23.        di = new Dialog(fr,"信息提示",true);//创建一个对话窗 24.        la = new Label(); 25.        okbut = new Button("确定");//创建对话窗的按钮 26.        fr.setBounds(500,400,700,500); 27.        fr.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 28.        di.setBounds(600,500,300,200);//设置对话框的位置,大小 29.        di.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//设置对话框的排列的方式 30.        fr.add(te); 31.        fr.add(bu); 32.        fr.add(ta); 33.        di.add(la);//将标签加入对话框 34.        di.add(okbut);//将按钮加入对话框 35.        myEvent(); 36.        fr.setVisible(true); 37.    } 38.    public void myEvent() 39.    {
    40.        //窗体事件 41.        fr.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() 42.        {
    43.            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) 44.            {
    45.                System.exit(0); 46.            } 47.        }); 48.        //鼠标事件,MouseListener有适配器MouseAdapter 49.        bu.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() 50.        {
    51.            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) 52.            {
    53.                show(); 54.            } 55.        }); 56.        di.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() 57.        {
    58.            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) 59.            {
    60.                di.setVisible(false); 61.            } 62.        }); 63.        okbut.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() 64.        {
    65.            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) 66.            {
    67.                di.setVisible(false); 68.            } 69.        }); 70.        //直接用Enter键就可以直接来代替上面按钮的功能 71.        te.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() 72.        {
    73.            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) 74.            {
    75.                if (e.getKeyCode()==KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) 76.                {
    77.                    show(); 78.                } 79.            } 80.        }); 81. 82.    } 83.    //将查找文件的方法封装到一个方法里,以方便调用 84.    public void show() 85.    {
    86.        String dir = te.getText(); 87.        te.setText("");     88.        File f = new File(dir); 89.        if (f.exists() && f.isDirectory()) 90.        {
    91.            ta.setText(""); 92.            String[] arr = f.list(); 93.            for (String str : arr) 94.            {
    95.                ta.append(str+"\r\n"); 96.            } 97.        } 98.        else 99.        {
    100.            String msg = "输入的地址:"+dir+"有误,请重新输入"; 101.            la.setText(msg); 102.            di.setVisible(true); 103.        } 104.    } 105.    public static void main(String[] args) 106.    {
    107.        new FrameDemo2(); 108.    } 109.} 110.

效果图

菜单栏的应用

1.//菜单栏的应用 2./* 3.带包名编译:javac -d e:\\1 MyMenuDemo.java 4.打jar包:jar -cvf my.jar mymenu 5.带配置信息:jar -cvfm my.jar 1.txt mymenu 6.*/ 7.package mymenu 8.import java.awt.*; 9.import java.awt.event.*; 10.import java.io.*; 11.public class MyMenuDemo 12.{
    13.    private Frame fr; 14.    private MenuBar mb; 15.    private Menu me,subme; 16.    private MenuItem closemi,openmi,savemi,submi; 17.    private FileDialog loaddia,savedia; 18.    private TextArea ta; 19.    private File file; 20.    MyMenuDemo() 21.    {
    22.        init(); 23.        myEvent(); 24.        fr.setVisible(true); 25.    } 26.    private void init() 27.    {
    28.        fr = new Frame("my awt"); 29.        //创建菜单栏 30.        mb = new MenuBar(); 31.        //创建菜单 32.        me = new Menu("文件"); 33.        subme = new Menu("子菜单"); 34.        closemi = new MenuItem("退出"); 35.        savemi = new MenuItem("保存"); 36.        openmi = new MenuItem("打开"); 37.        submi = new MenuItem("子条目"); 38.        loaddia = new FileDialog(fr,"打开",FileDialog.LOAD);//创建一个文件对话框 39.        savedia = new FileDialog(fr,"保存",FileDialog.SAVE); 40.        ta = new TextArea(); 41. 42.        fr.setBounds(400,500,500,400);      43.        fr.setMenuBar(mb);//在窗体中加入菜单栏 44.        fr.add(ta); 45. 46.        mb.add(me);//菜单栏中加入"文件"菜单 47. 48.        me.add(subme);//"文件"菜单中加入"子菜单" 49.        me.add(openmi);//"文件"菜单中加入"打开"条目 50.        me.add(savemi); 51.        me.add(closemi); 52. 53.        subme.add(submi);//"子菜单"中加入"子条目" 54.    } 55.    private void myEvent() 56.    {
    57.        fr.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() 58.        {
    59.            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) 60.            {
    61.                System.exit(0); 62.            } 63.        }); 64.        openmi.addActionListener(new ActionListener() 65.        {
    66.            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 67.            {
    68.                loaddia.setVisible(true); 69.                String dir = loaddia.getDirectory(); 70.                String fi = loaddia.getFile(); 71.                if (dir==null || fi==null) 72.                {
    73.                    return; 74.                } 75.                ta.setText(""); 76.                File file = new File(dir,fi); 77.                try 78.                {
    79.                    BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); 80.                    String line = null; 81.                    while ((line=bufr.readLine())!=null) 82.                    {
    83.                        ta.append(line+"\r\n"); 84.                    } 85.                    bufr.close(); 86.                } 87.                catch (IOException ex) 88.                {
    89.                    throw new RuntimeException("打开失败"); 90.                } 91.            } 92.        }); 93.        savemi.addActionListener(new ActionListener() 94.        {
    95.            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 96.            {
    97.                //这里如果文件已经存在了,就直接保存,不用弹出对话框 98.                if (file==null) 99.                {
    100.                    savedia.setVisible(true); 101.                    String dir = savedia.getDirectory(); 102.                    String fi = savedia.getFile(); 103.                    if (dir == null || fi == null) 104.                    {
    105.                        return; 106.                    } 107.                    file = new File(dir,fi); 108.                } 109.                try 110.                {
    111.                    BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)); 112.                    String str = ta.getText(); 113.                    bufw.write(str); 114.                    bufw.flush(); 115.                    bufw.close(); 116.                } 117.                catch (IOException ex) 118.                {
    119.                    throw new RuntimeException("保存失败"); 120.                } 121.            } 122. 123.        }); 124.        closemi.addActionListener(new ActionListener() 125.        {
    126.            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 127.            {
    128.                System.exit(0); 129.            } 130.        }); 131.    } 132.    public static void main(String[] args) 133.    {
    134.        new MyMenuDemo(); 135.    } 136.} 137.

效果图

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/RuntimExcep/p/7121308.html

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